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Enter Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition. Explore how Microsoft, in collaboration with Citrix, brought server-based computing to the mainstream, enabling multiple users to run Windows sessions remotely from thin clients. Because In the mid 1990s, businesses looked for ways to simplify IT and cut costs. From licensing nightmares to hardware demands, from Citrix WinFrame roots to the rise of Terminal Services: We break down the tech, quirks, and legacy of NT 4.0 TSE. Plus, let's see if a mid-2000s thin client can still connect to the earliest version of Windows Terminal Server ... 🔔 Subscribe for more retro hardware adventures! 00:00 Intro 00:40 How Windows Terminal Services Came to Be 04:41 Diving into NT 4.0 TSE 07:29 NT 4.0 TSE - Be a PDC/BDC, or Not? 08:37 Initial Setup, and a required Service Pack! 09:58 Peeking Around NT 4.0 TSE 11:32 Microsoft's Licensing Jungle 13:11 Resource Requirements and Server Sizing 15:12 NT Workstation 4.0 - Client Experience 16:37 Conclusion Want to join THE PHINTAGE SUPPORTERS or THE PHINTAGE ENTHUSIASTS community and get a mention in an upcoming video? Learn more here: https://www.youtube.com/@THEPHINTAGECOLLECTOR/join This video was made possible with support by: THE PHINTAGE ENTHUSIASTS: Alisha Manuela Stutz @alishamanuelastutz Christian Zerrahn @JARVIS1187 David Shell @TheMinocula Waseem al sammane @wsammane ZyeByteVT @ZyeByteVT THE PHINTAGE SUPPORTERS: Balint Szy @balintszy HMK @hmichaelkraut7968 John Di Liberto @JohnMDiLiberto Jack Rosenthal @JackRosenthal1 Luke Granger-Brown @luke_gb Feldi @eudatux23 Matthew Veety @MatthewVeety MS-DOS Manfred @msdosm4nfred Steven Glogger @sglogger Tim Hull @hulltim2 WobinuFilms @WobinuFilms xcalibur839 @xcalibur839 Z098 @Z098 Visit also THE PHINTAGE COLLECTOR website at https://www.thephintagecollector.ch for insights into my retro computer collection. This presentation, Copyright @ 2025 THE PHINTAGE COLLECTOR, Gianpaolo Del Matto. All rights reserved. Individual Copyrights apply for referenced material (see sources). Music composed by 🎶 Abdallah El-Ghannam @AcrossTheU.S.A | https://www.fiverr.com/abdallahghannam 🎶 rootkitty | https://soundcloud.com/rootkitty ℹ️ Sources: NT 4.0 TSE & Citrix MetaFrame: https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0_Terminal_Server_Edition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrix_Virtual_Apps https://betawiki.net/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0_Terminal_Server_Edition Thin Clients: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_client https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/netpc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyse https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyse_Technology Intel Pro/1000 Drivers: https://theretroweb.com/drivers/793 VMWare Tools for Windows NT 4.0: https://archive.org/download/winPreVista SP6: https://archive.org/details/X05-77828 Win9x/NT/2k TSE Client: https://archive.org/details/terminal-server-client-4.0-remote-desktop-connection-client Press: https://news.microsoft.com/source/1998/06/16/microsoft-releases-windows-nt-server-4-0-terminal-server-edition/ https://www.techmonitor.ai/technology/microsoft_makes_windows_nt_multi_user_at_last/ https://www.itprotoday.com/microsoft-windows/microsoft-releases-nt-terminal-server https://news.microsoft.com/source/1998/06/16/microsoft-releases-windows-nt-server-4-0-terminal-server-edition/ https://www.wired.com/1998/06/microsoft-gets-thin/ https://www.techmonitor.ai/technology/microsoft_terminal_server_citrix_picasso_reach_final_beta/ https://www.serverlab.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/citrix-advert-1998.pdf https://www.slideserve.com/haruki/citrix-metaframe-briefing https://cdn.logic-control.com/docs/thinmanager/Whitepapers/WP-ThinManager_TCO.pdf https://h20331.www2.hp.com/Hpsub/downloads/WhitePaper_Gartner_ThinClient_TCO.pdf https://linuxdevices.org/idc-thin-clients-are-starting-to-replace-pcs/ Architecture: http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/microsoft/windows_NT_4.0/Harwood_-_Windows_NT_Terminal_Server_1999.pdf https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/troubleshoot/windows-server/toggle-terminal-services-application-server-mode https://www.betaarchive.com/wiki/index.php?title=Microsoft_KB_Archive/245607#Terminal_Server_Licensing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Protocol Platform Sizing: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/usenix-nt99/full_papers/wong/wong.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/19990222110542/http://www.hp.com/netserver/techlib/perfbriefs/ https://web.archive.org/web/20030628121643/http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/evaluation/features/compaqsizing.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20030410114717/http://activeanswers.compaq.com/aa_downloads/6/100/225/1/50024.pdf Remote Management: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PcAnywhere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoToMyPC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeamViewer