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Curated by: Karl Rock (1044 videos)
5,000 years ago, one of the world's most advanced civilisations built an incredible city here in Pakistan. Then, somehow, the Indus Valley Civilisation disappeared, and to this day, we still don't know exactly what happened to them. Join me for a full guided tour of Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan, one of the most fascinating archaeological sites in the world and one of the most important cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation. Rather than giving you a short edited highlights video, I wanted to take you along for a proper walking tour of the ruins with a local guide. My guide, Irshad, has been working as a tour guide since 2007 and has a family connection to the archaeological site. His grandfather worked on excavations here in 1922 with British archaeologist Sir John Marshall, while his father worked for the Archaeology Department. For guided tours of Mohenjo-daro, you can contact Irshad directly on WhatsApp: +92 0336 3417 549. Over the course of this tour, we explore five different areas of Mohenjo-daro, including the Upper City, Buddhist remains, residential neighbourhoods, drainage systems, wells, streets, shops, ancient houses, the soldier area, the king's house and much more. One of the things that makes Mohenjo-daro so fascinating is just how advanced its city planning was. The site contains an extensive drainage system, wells, public washrooms, large residential buildings, streets, a swimming pool, grain storage areas and evidence of a highly organised city. We also visit the area where the famous Dancing Girl was discovered, and the guide explains where the original statue is today. Along the way, we see ancient bricks, terracotta pipes, wells, drainage channels, ancient markets, jewellery and other remains from the city. The guide also explains what archaeologists know, and don't know, about the people who lived here, including the still-undeciphered Indus script and the mystery surrounding their religion. Halfway through the tour we stop for some Pakistani food before continuing our walk through the ruins. I'll also take you briefly inside the Mohenjo-daro museum, where I saw ancient oil lamps, mortars and pestles, seals and stamps, jewellery, horns used for announcements, religious artefacts and even human remains. 00:00 Arriving at Mohenjo-daro 03:05 Museum 03:17 Meeting our guide 06:05 Tour start point 07:37 Upper City (S.D. Area) 18:26 Ancient wells & Great Bath 26:57 Soldier Area 29:57 Pakistani lunch 30:58 Working-class neighbourhood (H.R. Area) 37:22 Factory & Market Area (V.S. Area) 42:08 Rich Neighbourhood (D.K. Area) 50:09 Meeting locals 👇 *Don't Miss These* 👇 ✔ *Subscribe for new travel videos every week* https://www.youtube.com/c/KarlRock/?sub_confirmation=1 ❤️ *Support the channel & unlock member perks* Join here: https://www.youtube.com/c/KarlRock/join 🇮🇳 *Planning a trip to India?* Read my quick-start safety guide at: https://blog.karlrock.com/india-survival-guide/ 🗣️ *Want to learn Hindi हिन्दी?* Learn faster: https://blog.karlrock.com/how-to-learn-hindi-faster-than-i-did/ HISTORY OF MOHENJO-DARO & THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION Mohenjo-daro was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, which flourished across parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India around 4,500–5,000 years ago. Built near the Indus River in modern-day Sindh, the city had remarkably advanced urban planning, with organised streets, standardised brick buildings, wells, public washrooms and an extensive drainage system. The civilisation was also connected to long-distance trade with regions including Mesopotamia, Afghanistan and Iran. Archaeologists have discovered pottery, jewellery, tools, seals and the famous Dancing Girl statue, as well as thousands of examples of the still-undeciphered Indus script. One of Mohenjo-daro's most famous structures is the Great Bath, whose exact purpose remains uncertain. Then, around 1900 BCE, the great cities of the Indus Valley began to decline and Mohenjo-daro was eventually abandoned. Exactly why this happened remains a mystery. Possible explanations include climate and monsoon changes, changes to the Indus River, environmental pressures and disruption to trade. Because the Indus script has never been conclusively deciphered, many questions about the people who built this incredible civilisation remain unanswered. Mohenjo-daro was rediscovered and extensively excavated in the 1920s, revealing one of the ancient world's most impressive urban centres. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Pakistan's most important archaeological sites. Broll thanks to Blanka OG and Jorge Moncada. #MohenjoDaro #Pakistan #Sindh #Archaeology #AncientHistory #india