Monstrum

Currently Playing: Tikbálang: The Filipino Nightmare Shapeshifter | Monstrum

Don’t miss future episodes of Monstrum, subscribe! http://bit.ly/pbsstoried_sub A malevolent spirit lurks in the shadows of forests and the darkest mountains of the Philippines. Capable of adopting physical form, the most terrifying of which being a massive half-human, half-horse hybrid, the Filipino Tikbálang thrives on chaos. For audio descriptions, go to Settings - Audio Track - English Descriptive. ***** PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateStoried ***** Written and Hosted by: Dr. Emily Zarka Director: David Schulte Executive Producer: Amanda Fox Producer: Thomas Fernandes Editor/Animator: Steven Simone Illustrator: Samuel Allan Executive in Charge (PBS): Maribel Lopez Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing Additional Footage: Shutterstock Music: APM Music Descriptive Audio & Captions provided by The Described and Captioned Media Program Produced by Spotzen for PBS Digital Studios. Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/monstrumpbs/ Bibliography Alegre, Brenda Rodriguez. "From Asog to Bakla to Transpinay." Alon: Journal for Filipinx American and Diasporic Studies 2.1, 2022, pp. 51-64. Bankoff, Greg. “Big Men, Small Horses: Ridership, Social Standing and Enviornmental Adaptation in the Early Modern Philippines.” The Horse As Cultural Icon: The Real and the Symbolic Horse in the Early Modern World, edited by Peter Edwards, et al., BRILL, 2011, p. 99–120. Bankoff, Greg. “Devils, Familiars and Spaniards: Spheres of Power and the Supernatural in the World of Seberina Candelaria and Her Village in Early 19th Century Philippines.” Journal of Social History, vol. 33, no. 1, 1999, pp. 37–55. de los Reyes, Isabelo Flroentino. History of Ilocos, Vol. 1 & 2. Translated by Maria Elinora Peralta-Imson. The University of Philippines Press, 2014. Mallat, Jean. The Philippines: History, Geography, Customs…Trans. by Pura Santillan-Castrence. National Historical Institute, 1983. Nadeau, Kathleen. “Aswang and Other Kinds of Witches: A Comparative Analysis.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, vol. 39, no. 3/4, 2011, pp. 250–66. Noceda, Juan de, and Sanlucar, Pedro de. Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala. Philippines, Imprenta de la compañia de Jesus, 1754. Potet, Jean-Paul. Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog. United Kingdom, 2013. Ramos, Maximo D. Creatures of Philippine Lower Mythology. University of the Philippines Press, 1971. Ramos, Maximo D. Legends of Lower Gods. Phoenix Publishing House, 1990. Remme, Jon Henrik Ziegler. “The Instability of Values: Tradition, Autonomy and the Dynamics of Sociality in the Philippine Highlands.” Anthropological Forum, vol. 31, no. 1, 2021, pp. 64–77. The Philippine Forest: Our Living Heritage. Philippines, Centro Escolar University, 2001. Woods, Damon L. “Counting and Marking Time From the Precolonial to the Contemporary Tagalog World.” Philippine Studies, vol. 59, no. 3, 2011, pp. 337–65.