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Currently Playing: Quarks, Axions and other Particles - Sixty Symbols

Ed Copeland and Tony Padilla answer questions about particles. Metmo Gear Train at https://www.metmo.co.uk/collections/gear-train (discount code SIXTYSYMBOLS10OFF) (video sponsor) More links and info below ↓ ↓ ↓ More Ed Copeland videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcUY9vudNKBNtF1y-sneLuyCTE-Mda561 More Tony Padilla videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcUY9vudNKBPJmX64Jay51cdZTKMz4ACs Ed website: https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/people/ed.copeland Tony website: https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/people/antonio.padilla Some papers co-authored by Ed and/or Tony relating to this video... From Inflation to Quintessence: a History of the Universe in String Theory: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.03405 Modified Gravity and Cosmology: https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.2476 Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling: https://inspirehep.net/files/94b6bd94ddb8fe09fbdb84445148fe8d Percolating Cosmic String Networks from Kination: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.12637 Fifth forces, Higgs portals and broken scale invariance: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.07180 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sixtysymbols This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham http://bit.ly/NottsPhysics Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran http://www.bradyharanblog.com Brady's chemistry channel is Periodic Videos - https://www.youtube.com/periodicvideos And mathematics at Numberphile - https://www.youtube.com/numberphile Some of the cover images in the video were partially AI-generated. Tony and Ed are 100% real.